These differences can be handled through publication management and upfront arrangement of IP (intellectual property) rights (Azevedo Ferreira and Rezende Ramos 2015). the review is being conducted. RD-7IbR#8UHxS~*g>ki;F Y# When there are no IP-rights expected the collaboration is often formed by memoires of understanding (MoU) or standard documents from the technology transfer office (TTO) instead of legal contracts (ibid). https://www.definitions.net/definition/extant+literature. (2015). Specifically, to understand where International Journal of Innovation Management, Extant literature identified knowledge differences and differences in goals resulting from different institutional cultures as important barriers to knowledge transfer. We will continue with discussing how each of these practices can be used effectively to transfer knowledge according to the literature. 2002). The second important factor that influences knowledge absorption, is differences in knowledge background, referred to as cognitive and epistemic difference. Communication is an important facilitator to improve absorptive capacity. However, arranging IP too early in the collaboration might negatively influence trust between partners (Canhoto et al. l0+rylfStZ"^34 k| Journal of Product Innovation Management, 163 0 obj <> endobj Cultural differences relating to the application of knowledge and willingness to share knowledge relates to the academic habit to publish results, while industrial partners rather keep knowledge secret. We found two promising lines of research. There remains uncertainty over the relevance of experience and management capabilities to solve transfer problems related to knowledge differences. Creating creative chaos in interactive sessions provides a way to learn autonomic and recombine the new insights with previous knowledge, which facilitates absorption (Johnson and Johnston 2004). Extant literature can be divided into extant original manuscripts, copies of original manuscripts, quotations and paraphrases of passages of non-extant texts contained in other works, translations of non-extant texts into other languages, or, more recently, photocopies or digital copies of texts. Again, regardless of the chosen approach to qualitative research, your dissertation will have unique key features as listed below. Cohen, W. M. (2002). At the same time strict conflict of interest policies are in place to prevent conflicts of interests. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 30(12), 13911418. Tel: 914-674-7350; Fax: 914-674-7351; Web site: http://ger.mercy.edu. The role of experience to mitigate differences in knowledge background remains unclear. The latter can be prevented by providing secrecy training and using a split management strategy. McCabe, A., Parker, R., & Cox, S. (2016). Jbqv+ ;:ab 0000015879 00000 n The abstraction level we use is such that it can be translated into managerial implications. Drawing up project plans and the use of management tools can help to make differences in goals visible over the course of the project. 2012). The role of relational trust in banksmall firm relationships. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. 0000148751 00000 n The next step was to analyse the papers we selected. Corley, E. A., Boardman, P. C., & Bozeman, B. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Cyert, R. M., & Goodman, P. S. (1997). 56, 8696. The capability of firms to absorb new knowledge depends on the shared knowledge base of the academics and the firm employees. While Muscio and Pozzali (2013) found that research quality is less important for establishing the collaboration than the applicability, in the sense of readiness to use, of the knowledge that will be produced. Communication to determine goals and to discuss what information can be published is the most important way to deal with these differences. 35(1), 128152. 31(3), 303328. "extant literature." This paper continues with a methodological section that describes our review process. We searched in: titles, keywords and abstracts using the terms: Universitybusiness, universityindustry academic engagement and research partnership (other terms for university such as Academ* and Higher Education science did not yield additional results), combined with one of the terms collaborat*, cooperation*, partnership*, engage*, relation* research alliance*. de Wit-de Vries, E., Dolfsma, W.A., van der Windt, H.J. The channels for communication during engagement are diverse and differ in their ability to transfer tacit knowledge and to deal with differences in knowledge backgrounds (Alexander and Childe 2013). This is also confirmed by the papers in our review, which show a very informal management style, based on high levels of trust. In the remainder of this paper we present the stylised model and the implications of our analysis for future research and management. 2016). Implications for research/practice: 0000149127 00000 n Resultantly, the conclusions we draw about the relation between different factors require more research. There were only six journals in which we found more than 1 paper, three of those had published two papers and three published three papers. 0000016254 00000 n Navigating the grounded theory terrain. Knowledge ambiguity refers to a situation where dissimilarities in knowledge result in inherent and irreducible uncertainty regarding what the underlying knowledge components and sources are precisely, and how they interact (van Wijk et al. Science and Engineering Ethics, Here are 6 tips to identify research gaps: 1. To which Daghfouss (2004) adds that systematic learning in relation to management skills does not significantly increase learning capabilities. Hadjimanolis, A. A case study of SMEuniversity research collaboration in the context of a small peripheral country (Cyprus). 2016; Daghfous 2004; Sandberg et al. Little attention has been paid to the practices required to build trust or the effect of trust on knowledge transfer specifically. Therefore, these do not fully reflect the trust related concerns we encountered in our analysis. University-to-industry knowledge transfer: Literature review and unanswered questions. This allows us to emphasize social interactions, managerial aspects and concrete activities that enhance knowledge transfer. 0000002106 00000 n First, we excluded papers that focus solely on entrepreneurial activities like patenting, liaison offices, science-hubs and other intermediary organisations. 2014; Plewa et al. MeSH Learning through joint ventures: A framework of knowledge acquisition. Geuna, A., & Muscio, A. Knowledge transfer between academia and industry is considered an important driver of innovation and economic growth as it eases the commercialization of new scientific knowledge within firms (Bercovitz and Feldmann 2006; Mowery and Nelson 2004). We now turn to practices that can improve knowledge transfer. Absorptive capacity refers to the ability to recognize, assimilate and apply new external knowledge (Cohen and Levinthal 1990). 2014; Wang and Lu 2007) and the use of tools or objects (Buganza et al. They result in differences in language and different logics regarding what methods should be used. Bridging the gap between university and industry: Three mechanisms for innovation efficiency. In this paper we focus on these kinds of academic engagement which we define as research partnerships based on high relational involvement in situations where individuals and teams from academic and industrial contexts work together on specific projects and produce common outputs (Perkmann and Walsh 2007, p. 263). This way they manage to secure industrial funding. 2013). Buganza, T., Colombo, G., & Landoni, P. (2014). This needs to be confirmed by future research. ), Economic development through entrepreneurship: Government, university and business linkages. (2006). 19(5), 461477. International Journal of Technology Management, 2006) indicates that epistemic differences can be reduced by strong organizational routines. The review remains an ongo- This is problematic as it makes it hard to understand the cause-effect relations of the individual aspects of cultural differences on knowledge transfer. 2011; Galan-Muros and Plewa 2016; Hadjimanolis 2006; Harryson et al. Ancient literature comprises religious and scientific documents, tales, poetry and plays, royal edicts and declarations, and other forms of writing that were recorded on a variety of media, including stone, clay tablets, papyri, palm leaves, and metal. This may conflict with making strict project plans and specifying deliverables that align with industrial needs. Meaning that academics who work for different companies should not be mixed in research projects (Ulhi et al. 2015; Sandberg et al. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Trust in UI collaboration is affected by two things. 39(7), 858868. (2013) and Ankrah and AL-Tabbaa (2015) we used the principles and process of a systematic literature review (Tranfield et al. Academic engagement and commercialisation: A review of the literature on universityindustry relations. 0000188193 00000 n Organisational knowledge creating processes and the performance of universityindustry collaborative R&D projects. We only used the factors that were relevant for inter-organizational collaborations, absorptive capacity, ambiguity, cultural differences, differences in goals, trust and tie-strength (Fig. The outset of UI R&D relationships: The specific case of biological sciences. We started our review with identifying barriers and facilitators of knowledge transfer. Knowledge transfer in universityindustry research partnerships: a review, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-018-9660-x, The Complementarity Investment in University-Industry Collaboration, Establishing successful universityindustry collaborations: barriers and enablers deconstructed, Knowledge transfer to industry: how academic researchers learn to become boundary spanners during academic engagement, Values in UniversityIndustry Collaborations: The Case of Academics Working at Universities of Technology, Creating New Knowledge while Solving a Relevant Practical Problem: Success Factors for an Action Research-Based PhD Thesis in Business and Management, What makes industryuniversity collaboration succeed? Knowledge acquisition in UniversityIndustry alliances: An empirical investigation from a learning theory perspective. The paper summarizes the research and findings in this emerging field. Azevedo Ferreira, M. L., & Rezende Ramos, R. (2015). 22(5), 14971511. Johnson and Johnston (2004) explored how the knowledge creation cycle affects knowledge transfer in academic engagement. Previous reviews by Agrawal (2001), Hagedoorn et al. Simonin, B. 24(23), 208225. Expectation management about what can be achieved in the available time and when results can be expected is also important to keep industrial partners satisfied (Azevedo Ferreira and Rezende Ramos 2015; Barnes et al. effects of faculty quality on university engagement with industry. 2016) and providing data and insight in the application context (Barnes et al. Nurse Res. The use of project plans that outline goals and outcomes could facilitate this (Canhoto et al. 0 The evolution of universityindustry linkagesA framework. 2011; Hadjimanolis 2006; Wang and Lu 2007). This complicates collaboration because different languages, opinions, social behaviours, norms and beliefs make the interpretation of behaviour and knowledge more difficult (Lane and Lubatkin 1998; Mowery and Shane 2002; Simonin 1999). L!n5B6z< dr:p ": Oy@9u[;&p2i>EpOh< Toward a new economics of science. In that section we provide an overview of theoretical perspectives and activities that have been described in previous research. 2012; Wang and Lu 2007). 2010; Plewa et al. (2004). These plans are rarely updated as the work develops and they soon become obsolete. For instance, the outplacement of personnel from the firm, secondment and employment of graduates (Galan-Muros and Plewa 2016; Gertner et al. For example, an ICT-professional will not learn fundamental physics through collaboration experience; this requires extensive training. 2013a). One moose, two moose. Amabile, T. M., Patterson, C., Mueller, J., Wojcik, T., Odomirok, P. W., Marsh, M., et al. Hagedoorn, J. Sherwood and Covin (2008) found that trust is positively associated with tacit knowledge transfer, as trust increases open communication and the willingness to share knowledge. /S {X6X20Lu)Vsx mWL,;#Pe PX (2001). The literature we reviewed uses the term cultural differences to indicate differences in project goals, expected outcomes, visions on required research activities, the allocation of time and resources, management styles, social conducts, cognitive differences, different language and time perception (Bjerregaard 2010; Galan-Muros and Plewa 2016; Ghauri and Rosendo-Rios 2016; Harryson et al. If they are regularly updated they help to keep goals and research work aligned. hYo8 Additionally, we identify open questions for future research. This was necessary as literature on research partnerships is widespread. Thune, T. (2009). In adopting this focus we follow a developing interest in organization science that seeks a detailed understanding of what is actually done, or the micro-level, and how to make sense of those activities (Nicolini 2009). 2011; Morandi 2013). 0000189372 00000 n This paper describes the history and current state of the charter school movement, presents a conceptual model of the charter school system, and reviews the extant research on charter school . 47(3), 400410. 38(4), 486508. Pappas, I. O., Krogstie, J., & Giannakos, M. (2018). 23(1), 128157. 0000051607 00000 n Yet, we believe this difference taps into a broader debate, on the governance of university knowledge transfer, presented by Geuna and Muscio (2009), who argue that UI collaborations have a more informal irrational management style than is often assumed. Management Science, Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 2015; Wang and Lu 2007). The site is secure. The paper summarizes lessons that could be of significance for FinTech users, producers, entrepreneurs, investors, policy designers and regulators. r.+IT8&"C0\&nnaxd)T{U`A ;CZpJ[D\V=!'8Pb666hr|DDJ9BJJ@ ]SA BlfFpR@p$^Bs0dsw.YHv TBu#P5 UAAl[;Et9`VM g5tyo/0?`P`C iL+=`YiJ} *Kt wF#} "'914F^RHKy,*\rVg'p>c\rZDrYU,YX:g0pJ@vB-y` J The paper concludes with translating these insights into an analytical framework and research agenda. (2016) found that such routine based differences, meaning dissimilarities in working methods, could only be resolved when orientation based differences, meaning dissimilarities in goals, were settled. 2011; Hadjimanolis 2006; Wallin et al. 2013a). Among other methods, literature reviews are essential for: (a) identifying what has been written on a subject or topic; (b) determining the extent to which a specific research area reveals any interpretable trends or patterns; (c) aggregating empirical findings related to a narrow research question to support evidence-based practice; (d) Links and impacts: The influence of public research on industrial R D. Management Science, Though there is no well-defined process to find a gap in existing knowledge, your curiosity, creativity, imagination, and judgment can help you identify it. It is noted that FinTech is in its nascent phase and is undergoing continuous development and implementation through product and process innovation, disruption and transformation. 58(5), 637651. Organization Studies, We only searched within English peer reviewed journal articles. Researchers benefit from the interaction with industry as well, as it can inspire new research directions and provides additional funding (DEste and Perkmann 2011).
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