. Quantrill continued his career as a teacher, moving to Fort Wayne, Indiana, in February 1856. Bloody Bill, the guerrillas, and the bloodshed along the Missouri Kansas border all became fodder for novels and films in the 20th century. Since there were no eyewitnesses and the victim was a stranger who knew no one in town, William was set free. Clements was soon back to taking scalps and leading a band of as many as 100 men in a rampage of murder, arson, and robbery even as the Confederate Army collapsed elsewhere. Compared to most soldiers, renegades, and border ruffians with whom he fought, Langfords life was long and fruitful, full of his family and friends. His other two sisters suffered crippling injuries and disfigurement. William Quotes. After about a year, he converted to the Union side where his federal guerrillas plundered and killed Southern sympathizers, an official but lawless band. Halleck issued an order in March 1862 that declared the Confederate guerrillas to be outlaws subject to summary execution. [11], On March 7, 1862, Quantrill and his men overcame a small Union outpost at Aubry, Kansas and ransacked the town. The Guerrilla shirt could be read by anyone familiar with the code of different flowers, their arrangement, and the color thread used for ornamentation. As the name Bushwacker implies, the main tactic of the guerrillas was the ambush, sudden attack followed by a quick withdrawal and dispersal on fast mounts into country best known to the guerrillas. He told her that slavery was right and that he now detested Jim Lane. As a result, there are grave markers for Quantrill in Louisville, Dover, and Higginsville.[24]. Bill gave Price a stolen set of fine pistols, which the General accepted. When the command returned to west-central Missouri in the spring of 1864, the final break occurred. Germans (who were called Dutch by the guerrillas) were routinely murdered by the bushwhackers, who regarded all of them as Unionists. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1725 titles we cover. [18] When Quantrill's men rode out at 9 a.m., most of Lawrence's buildings were burning, including all but two businesses. As with any larger-than-life historical figure, Quantrills story proves difficult, perhaps impossible, to determine where fact ends and legend begins. American Revolution Did the war give them license to ignore the laws of both man and God? Quantrill was questioned as he lay motionless in the field, but still with a lot of contempt in him he gave his name as Captain William Clarke of the 4th Missouri Confederate Calvary and asked permission to be allowed to die where he lay. With the declaration of war in 1861, the North and South separated into usually well-defined areas of battle geography that marked the American Civil War. Quantrill is known for his violent ways, as he led his men in the infamous read analysis of William Quantrill Frank James Be the first to contribute! Accused of having lost his sand, Quantrill took a small nucleus of about forty loyal bushwhackers and headed east toward Kentucky. Despite their gain in notoriety and expansion in numbers, accompanied by increasing expertise in the American Indian style of guerrilla fighting, the group was considered undisciplined and dangerous. Most of the early settlers who established homes, farms, and businesses in the northwest Missouri frontier were of Southern origin, hailing from states such as Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. On Christmas Eve, 1895, a shooting occurred in a North St. Louis saloon that was destined to find a prominentand permanentplace in American oral tradition. He was wounded nine times before his death and was described as a maniac in battle. Todd wrested control of Quantrills band in the spring of 1864 before allying himself with Anderson. Dave Poole was one of Quantrills lieutenants and seems to have thought of himself as quite witty. Newsletter But the security of Quantrills crew was misplaced. Largely relieved from having to pursue guerrillas by Prices choice to attach them to his force, Union troops were able to concentrate in a force much stronger than Prices at Westport. It should be noted that much of our knowledge of the guerrillas and their methods of warfare is based on memoirs and interviews provided by the guerrilla veterans. By some means apparently unknown to Langford, Quantrills mother later tracked down Langfords location and sent several letters to him, inquiring among other things if he had any relics of Quantrills body still in his possession, the Ledger reported. William Clarke Quantrill his life and times / by: Castel, Albert E. Published: (1999) Quantrill and the border wars. Sons of Liberty [12], On March 11, 1862, Quantrill joined Confederate forces under Colonel John T. Hughes and took part in attack on Independence, Missouri. An earlier letter penned by Langford to Scott on September 8, 1888, from Clarinda, Iowa, is now in the possession of The Filson Historical Society and University of Kentucky Libraries, providing an eyewitness sketch of the last battle of William Clarke Quantrill. Many witnesses described the guerrillas charging with reins between their teeth to enable revolver fire with both hands, but Frank James dismissed this in 1897 as dime novel stuff It was as important to hold the horse as it was to hold the pistol., The bushwackers never missed a chance to enrich themselves through the war, robbing stagecoaches, trains, shops, storehouses, and riverboats alike. The James Brothers, needless to say, used the skills they acquired as bushwackers to become two of the most famous American outlaws in the post-war period. Lawrence had been seen for years as the stronghold of the antislavery forces in Kansas and as a base of operation for incursions into Missouri by Jayhawkers and pro-Union forces. Was there plenty of whiskey and hootin and hollerin and shootin things up? Battles Native Indians Others, like the James brothers, the Younger brothers, and the Shepherd brothers, found the transition into peacetime difficult, both because they enjoyed the bushwacking life, but also because they were forced to live in constant fear of arrest or lynching by vigilantes. He died of wounds in June. -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character William Quantrill appears in, he says, Report has it that he rode by the light of the moon with, Eventually, Rooster lets it slip that he fought with Captain, which is a Wild West spectacle including Cole Younger and Frank James. / by: Connelley, William Elsey, 1855-1930 Published: (1956) Charles W. Quantrell : a true history of his guerrilla warfare on the Missouri and Kansas border during the Civil War of 1861-1865 / by: Trow, Harrison, 1843-, et al. Anderson kept his Confederate battle flag carefully folded amongst his personal effects, like a memory of an earlier time and purpose. He is depicted in Robert Schenkkan's series of one-act plays, Quantrill's Lawrence Massacre of 1863 is depicted in. [1] Quantrill's famous or infamous raid upon the sleeping town of Lawrence in the predawn hours of August 21, 1863, has been the subject of endless discourse and debate. A Union patrol caught up to a group of seven of Andersons men, killed them, and scalped them. John Langford appeared to be a cautious man. When Mattie tells Rooster that LaBoeuf is a Texas Ranger, he simply makes fun of the man, disparaging his Texan vanity. Having endured a tempestuous childhood before later becoming a schoolteacher, Quantrill joined a group of bandits who roamed the Missouri and Kansas countryside to apprehend escaped slaves. On August 14, the building collapsed, killing four young women and seriously injuring others. Quantrill captured the military outpost and tried forcing the men to swear an oath to the Confederacy. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. By this time, discipline had broken down in Prices army and the expedition increasingly occupied itself with looting, murder, and rape, especially of German women. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. While some guerrillas attempted to start new lives, others had developed a taste for theft and butchery that could not be sated in peace-time. By 1863 both the guerrillas and the Union cavalry were carrying this weapon. William Clarke Quantrill was born at Canal Dover, Ohio, on July 31, 1837, the eldest of eight children. Two days later, Terrell returned, having concluded that the wounded man was Quantrill. The reason for the bloody raid that left nearly two hundred men dead and caused between $1 million and $1.5 million in damage (in 1863 dollars) is still the subject of speculation. After Union troops removed the supports for the buildings central girder on the main floor, leading to the buildings collapse and the death of four women, including one of Andersons sisters. Andersons ally and sometime rival George Todd once told a captured Union officer that he was not a Confederate officer, but was a bushwacker, and intended to follow bushwacking as long as he lived.. 11 (not to be confused with General Ulysses S. Grant's order of the same name). After a local request, the US government provided a new headstone for Andersons grave in 1969. As the foregoing ballad suggests there were those who regarded Quantrill as a hero and the burning of Lawrence as a good thing. Contact between Langford and Quantrills mother was handled by W. W. Scott, one of Quantrills boyhood friends. Having endured a tempestuous childhood before later becoming a schoolteacher, Quantrill joined a group of bandits who roamed the Missouri and Kansas countryside to apprehend escaped slaves. And the ramifications would echo into the next century in a small town in northwest Missouri. Andersons command rode into General Prices camp on October 11. Happy to read and share the best inspirational William Clarke Quantrill quotes, sayings and quotations on Wise Famous Quotes. Within some weeks after the news stories were published, two men came to British Columbia, travelling to Quatsino from Victoria, leaving Quatsino on a return voyage of a coastal steamer the next day. Quantrill joined the Confederate army and fought in the Battle of Wilsons Creek near Springfield in 1861, the first major battle of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the Civil War. Trending. The mild-mannered Langford did not consider the much-discussed event worthy of further dialogue and was said to be somewhat careful around regions where Quantrill loyalists still lived. Work diligently to the point of discomfort, and without interruption or complaint. A man of action, it was said that Quantrill planned, but Todd executed. In 1860, he joined a group of free-state activists, jayhawkers in Kansas, switching over later to lead a band of pro- Confederate guerrillas in Missouri to kill and maim Union soldiers and pro-North citizens. Thirty-two such reunions were held, with the image of William Quantrill adopted as a kind of icon for the veterans, who posed with his portrait and wore ribbons with his image. All the passengers were robbed and some murdered except for 25 unarmed Union soldiers. After what became known as the First Battle of Independence, the Confederate government decided to secure the loyalty of Quantrill by issuing him a "formal army commission" to the rank of captain. Im here for revenge, said Anderson, and I have got it.. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Later in 1862, John Jarrett, John Brown (not to be confused with the abolitionist John Brown), Cole Younger, William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson, and the James brothers would join Quantrill's army. Instead Price began a meandering march in which he wasted his strength in a series of pointless battles. Nodaway County author Homer Croy wrote of Quantrill, Because of Quantrill, widows wailed, orphans cried, maidens wept. Croy was echoing the sentiment of William Elsey Connelley, author of the 1909 book Quantrill and the Border Wars, in his introduction to the 1956 Civil War Book Club edition of Connelleys book. Quantrills band broke up in the spring of 1864 after the guerrilla leader backed down from a challenge from George Todd. They were somewhat comfortable in the knowledge that Captain Terrells guerrilla-hunting scouts were miles away with no knowledge of their whereabouts. Sawed-off shotguns were also in use and the personal arsenal was usually completed with Bowie knives and tomahawks for hand-to-hand fighting. Quantrill's mother had to turn her home into a boarding house in order to survive. 3. [26], During the war, Quantrill met the 13-year-old Sarah Katherine King at her parents' farm in Blue Springs, Missouri. I lived in Kansas when this war commenced. His once-large band broke up into several smaller guerrilla companies. Bill offered some simple advice to the citizens of Missouri: "If you proclaim to be against the guerrillas I will kill you. He also called the Democrats "the worst men we have for they are all rascals, for no one can be a democrat here without being one". He died from his wounds on June 6, 1865, at the age of 27. On May 10, Quantrill and his band were caught in a Union ambush at Wakefield Farm. Dupuy, Trevor N., Johnson, Curt, and Bongard, David L.. Crouch, Barry A. [28] Some of Quantrill's celebrity later rubbed off on other ex-Raiders, like John Jarrett, George and Oliver Shepherd, Jesse and Frank James, and Cole Younger, who went on after the war to apply Quantrill's hit-and-run tactics to bank and train robbery. Authorities briefly arrested him, but Quantrill claimed that he had acted in self-defense. Lieutenant Colonel Samuel P. Cox had been assigned the task of eliminating Anderson. William Quantrill Quotes Free Daily Quotes . Bloody Bills reign of terror came to an end on October 27, 1864, at Albany Missouri. Quantrill's last battle occurred in a pasture and wooded draw and barn lot near Taylorville in Spencer County, Kentucky, on May 10, 1865. By comparison, William Clarke Quantrill was one of the most dangerous men of the Border Wars, cutting a swath of atrocities wherever he and the Quantrill Raiders rode.. But public opinion had turned against the raiders. Why, he sent me money all the time he was away from home, even when he was a Confederate soldier. One night while working the late shift, he killed a man. morning, April 9th of tuberculosis of the bone, lamented yet another article in the The Albany Ledger, on Friday, April 15, 1910. Bloody Bills brother Jim disappeared around 1867-68. Published: (1923) On the other hand, Frank would later claim that he wasnt there, admit that he was there, or say he was there but missed the events that followed as he was busy pursuing fleeing Union troops. Terrells scouts were on the pike just over the hill from the Wakefield farm, across the pasture from a blacksmith shop, when they received the report of a body of horsemen nearby. Langford described the shooting in few words: I shot him in the left shoulderjust back of the shoulder bladethe ball ranging downward and lodging in the right groin. Quantrill was reportedly shot a second time as he fell, the bullet cutting off the trigger finger of his right hand. The True Grit quotes below are all either spoken by William Quantrill or refer to William Quantrill. The guerrillas swore revenge and took it on September 27, 1864, at the Missouri town of Centralia. William Quantrill was born at Canal Dover, Ohio, on July 31, 1837. Pursuit by guerrilla-hunting units became ruthless. Bills 16, 14, and 12-year-old sisters were imprisoned upstairs in a 3-story building in Kansas City. If the South had won the war there would have been statues erected in his memory and countless mothers would have named their children after him. Barton, OS: Three Years with Quantrill: A True Story Told by His Scout, John McCorkle, Norman, Oklahoma, 1914, Beilein, Joseph M. Jr.: Bushwackers: Guerrilla Warfare, Manhood, and the Household in Civil War Missouri, Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio, 2016, Brownlee, Richard S.: Gray Ghosts of the Confederacy: Guerrilla Warfare in the West, 1861-1865, Castel, Albert: William Clarke Quantrill: His Life and Times, New York, 1962, Castel, Albert: General Sterling Price and the Civil War in the West, Baton Rouge, 1968. By July 1863 Anderson had entered the historical record of the war as the commander of a group of 30 to 40 guerrillas. The rebel army was driven south into Arkansas and would not return to Missouri for over two years. If we assess their significance in the conduct and the outcome of the war, the best we can say is that they drew off large numbers of troops that might have been used elsewhere. Coming in range, fire was opened and yells set up to terrify the Missourians.. LitCharts Teacher Editions. On June 6, 1865, some twenty-seven days after he was wounded, Quantrill died. He said that the hanging of John Brown had been too good for him and that "the devil has got unlimited sway over this territory, and will hold it until we have a better set of man and society generally. The party of three departed in late February 1857. On the evening of September 6, 1862, William Quantrill led his Confederate guerrillas, numbering from 125 to 150, in a raid against Olathe, Kansa s. The raid resulted in a half dozen deaths and the destruction of most of the town. A more recent film, Ride with the Devil, was a fictionalized version of Bloody Bills campaign that worked much harder than its predecessors to get details of the guerrillas style and tactics correct. Poole propped the bodies up and instructed them at the chalkboard for an hour before complimenting them on their close attention. William Clarke Quantrill and his Biographers", This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 23:19. Mayes enlisted and served as a private in Company A of the 1st Cherokee Regiment in the Confederate army. [2] By the time he was sixteen, Quantrill was teaching school in Ohio. Also notable is that the group included the young Jesse James and his older brother Frank James. While Langford had the distinction of shooting Quantrill, the notorious guerrilla leader, he was never boastful, the newspaper eulogized. In a twisted set of circumstances, some playing out in more recent years, the guerrilla leaders bones have been scattered in restless interment at Dover, Ohio; Louisville, Kentucky; and the old Confederate Soldiers Home cemetery in Higginsville, Missouri. There, they met Joel B. Mayes and joined the Cherokee Nations. William Clarke Quantrill was a leader of Confederate guerrilla forces during the American Civil War. Here we have teen-aged Archie Clements. Pre-loaded six-shot cylinders were carried in the pockets of their guerrilla shirts, allowing the guerrillas to quickly reload their weapons by swapping out the empty cylinders for full ones. He returned to the US and worked as a cattleman in Fort Worth, Texas. For the mostly teenage gunmen of Missouri, the war was more a matter of personal rebellion than political rebellion. When not wearing Union blue, the well-dressed guerrilla sported a slouch hat with a jaunty feather or squirrel tail, knee-high riding boots, and the ubiquitous guerrilla shirt. Like the guerrillas long hair, the durable pullover shirt with its large pockets was borrowing from the Great Plains hunters, who in turn had borrowed much of their style from the native Indians. Here we can see posters from some of these highly fictional films, Quantrills Raiders, Kansas Raiders, The Bushwackers, and The Outlaw Josey Wales, in which the 24-year-old Anderson was played by the 55-year-old John Russell. [citation needed], Quantrill's actions remain controversial. Familiar faces at these events included Cole Younger, Frank James, and John Noland, Quantrills loyal Black-American scout. It was considered good sport to switch the decapitated heads to different bodies or impale them on fence posts. After killing their captives execution-style but shots to the head, the guerrillas brought out their Bowie knives and tomahawks and spent the coming hours in what a witness described as a carnival of blood, dismembering, scalping, mutilating and decapitating their near-naked victims. In August 1907, news articles appeared in Canada and the US that claimed that J.E. In one of the war's great atrocities, Quantrill and his men burned. Quantrills executioner met a much more peaceful end, much later in life. Kansas Raiders is a 1950 Technicolor Western film distributed by Universal-International, directed by Ray Enright, and stars Audie Murphy, Brian Donlevy, Marguerite Chapman, and Scott Brady. Although they mistrusted the 19-year-old William, his mother's pleadings persuaded them to let her son accompany them in an effort to get him to turn his life around. Updated February 2023. The garrison commander did not appreciate their humor but added their names to the roles as required and ordered them out of town. Revolvers used in close provided overwhelming firepower in any clash with Union troops and the guerrillas carried as many as six each. Quotes. He served the Confederacy and perhaps hoped to secure high rank and recognition from its leaders. Whether it was in retaliation for an attack by Senator James H. Lanes jayhawkers on Osceola, or revenge for the collapse of a womens prison in Kansas City that killed relatives of Bloody Bill Anderson and other guerrillas, the event that would come to be called the Lawrence Massacre was one of the largest and most significant acts of violence on civilians in the American Civil War. Noland was one of five known Black Americans who rode with the Missouri bushwhackers. His name is Tom Chaney. He also learned the profitability of capturing runaway slaves and devised plans to use free black men as bait for runaway slaves, whom he subsequently captured and returned to their masters in exchange for reward money[citation needed]. Quantrill, William Clarke (1837-1865). You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. [14], On October 5, 1862, Quantrill attacked and destroyed Shawneetown, Kansas, and Bill Anderson soon revisited and torched the rebuilding settlement. He decided to become a schoolteacher as a young man and started this profession. Considered guerillas and not recognized as legitimate soldiers, Quantrills men were denied the general amnesty offered to the Confederate army upon Lees surrender. [citation needed] Soon thereafter, he signed on as a teamster with the U.S. Army expedition heading to Salt Lake City, Utah in the spring of 1858. In the early 1990s, the Missouri division of the Sons of Confederate Veterans convinced the Kansas State Historical Society to negotiate with authorities in Dover, which led to three arm bones, two leg bones, and some hair, all of which were allegedly Quantrill's, being re-buried in 1992 at the Old Confederate Veteran's Home Cemetery in Higginsville, Missouri. The way the content is organized. But devotion to a cause and carrying out orders were not to Quantrills liking. William was a school teacher in Ohio and Illinois for a brief period before going to Kansas with a party of settlers in 1857. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture. Bills grey mare was found adorned with Union scalps. (including. HE RODE WITH, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Duffy, a member of a Michigan cavalry troop that had dealt with Quantrill's raiders during the Civil War, met Quantrill at Quatsino Sound, on northern Vancouver Island, while he was investigating timber rights in the area. After some initial Confederate victories in Missouri, Confederate forces under General Earl Van Dorn were defeated at the two-day Battle of Pea Ridge. Showing search results for "William Quantrill" sorted by relevance. The guerrillas rode into Lawrence on August 21, 1863, shouting Remember Osceola. Over 200 civilian men and boys were killed in four hours. William Quantrill Quotes & Sayings . Several female relatives of the guerrillas had been imprisoned in a makeshift jail in Kansas City, Missouri. Still, some 52,000 recruits of questionable value and loyalties were impressed into the Union ranks. The Navy Colt was lighter than the Army Colt and thus preferable to men trying to carry as many as three to six at a time, which provided them with enormous firepower in battle.
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