Experiment 12: The Dehydration of Cyclohexanol Flashcards ", This page is maintained by The University of Massachusetts Biology Department.University of Massachusetts AmherstSite Policies, The University of Massachusetts Biology Department. (November 2018). a. 10. Synthesis Of Cyclohexene Lab Report [gen5jgo2vx4o] Synthesis of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol - Subjecto.com Experiment #1: Synthesis of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol Share this: Facebook Twitter Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Cite This Work To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: APA MLA MLA-7 Harvard Vancouver Wikipedia OSCOLA UKEssays. Sodium chloride is used to neutralize the acid and the sodium sulphate is used to absorb the moisture. Make sure everything is clamped correctly, set up ice water bath to cyclohexene because I feel like my numbers may have been a little bit off which could have Otherwise, the rubber will be broken. TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification, The preparation of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol. Secondary alcohols may be oxidized to ketones, while tertiary alcohols will not oxidize. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. Conclusions: By mixing the Cyclohexanol with Phosphoric acid in the RBF it initiated the E1 reaction mechanism by the protonation of the OH group forming a good leaving group. %PDF-1.6 % % yield 58% % purity 100%. of moles of extracted dry cyclohexene/ no of moles of used cyclohexanol) x 100%. The phosphoric acid is a catalyst and as such increases the rate of reaction but does not affect the overall stoichiometry. Water is eliminated to form a carbon-carbon -bond. a. Lab Report 23 - Title: Preparation of Cyclohexene Name - Studocu <> When testing with KMnO 4 turning water works to pull the water from the organic layer to the water layers. Since the anhydrous sodium sulphate is a very good dehydrating agent, it is used to remove the water in the mixture with cyclohexene. LOH H3PO4 heat The technique that you will use to perform this reaction is called fractional distillation. It depends on the temperature and the structure (substituent) of the cyclohexene. Lab 7 report - I received an A in this course. - Experiment 7 - Studocu For the reaction between dilute alkaline potassium permanganate (VII) solutions, the observation was the solution change from purple color to brow color. 0000001217 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n Death Penalty Research Paper - Can Capital Punishment Ever Be Justified, Skomer Casey, How Do Bacteria Become Resistant Answer Key, ATI System Disorder Template Heart Failure, Analytical Reading Activity Jefferson and Locke, CCNA 1 v7.0 Final Exam Answers Full - Introduction to Networks, SCS 200 Applied Social Sciences Module 1 Short Answers, ACCT 2301 Chapter 1 SB - Homework assignment, 1-1 Discussion Being Active in Your Development, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1. The mass of the extracted dry cyclohexene, = (Mass of conical flask with extracted dry cyclohexene - mass of dry empty conical flask), No. Finally, the flask was completely immersed into the oil bath, which was placed on the hot plate. Mass of Cyclohexene 3 Next, the flask was placed on a heating mantle set at 7. mechanism by the protonation of the OH group forming a good leaving group. to the sp 3 carbon is responsible for the out-of-plane bending. Of moles of extracted dry cyclohexene, = 14.22/ [(12.01) (6) + (1.008) (12) +16.00], = (No. 0000057265 00000 n 5. The percent yield for this experiment was 58% which shows that majority of the product Boiling points were at 63 to 69 degrees as first drop occurred at 66 degrees. PDF Synthesis of Cyclohexene via Dehydration of Cyclohexanol - UMass It was about 85% cyclohexanol and 15% something else. Determine Refractive index: Calculate percent purity using the equation given. By using phosphoric acid, dehydration of cyclohexanol was possible. The mixture was distilled and distillate was collected into the receiver flask. a. Theory Cyclohexene is a commonly used intermediate in the formation of different industrial compounds such as adipic acid, maleic acid, and carpolactam. %PDF-1.4 % Cyclohexanol to cyclohexene lab report. Cyclohexanol to Cyclohexene It formed a double bond on cyclohexene, this also has a lower boiling point than Shake this cloudy product with anhydrous magnesium sulphate (VI) to remove the moisture- this may take some time. This makes it one of the largest mass-produced chemicals in the industry. Check that the system is not a closed one, the joints are well fitted and the system is not tilted. Abstract. Cyclohexane made the two given liquids either reddish-orange (with bromine in dichloromethane) and dark purple (with 1% potassium permanganate and 10% sulfuric acid). endobj thrown my answers off. Depending on which liquid was used, the colors were changed. It is also an example of an elimination reaction, which proceeds by a first order mechanism via an intermediate carbocation. We boil the product not exceeding 83 can extract higher purity of cyclohexene for the next step adding anhydrous sodium sulphate. Describe, with the use of equations, the reaction of the product (cyclohexene) with BR2 and alkaline KmnO4. The 5 drops of dry organic extract was added into 2 test tubes separately and evenly. Keep cyclohexene in the fume hood when using it. for this procedure and the subsequent washing of the organic layer? Synthesis of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol - UKEssays.com The second part of the experiment was . 0000070654 00000 n x\9}dCm8vvUO7_'qC )n{TJ*"{)zSYyc5][e911Gy?-Mm>kanL_Yn The hexanol only has sp3C-H bending. converted into keto form, Compare and interpret the infrared spectra of 4-methylcyclohexene and 4- The mixture was swirled and meanwhile, a distillation apparatus was set up with a 25-mL round-bottomed flask as receiver and submerged in an ice bath. reaction is.. 12. You will then test for the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond by the addition of aqueous bromine and characterize your product using IR. of 85% phosphoric acid was added into flask gently. 0000003094 00000 n The principle of distillation as a separation method is based on the difference in boiling points of substances. Discussion / final result of cyclohexanol lab | Writing in Biology - UMass 2Two oxygen atoms of the permanganate ion bond to 2 carbon atoms, which doubly bond together, then the bonding between these oxygen atoms and the manganese atom are then broken. From that, 6.0 mL cyclohexanol weighing 5.7 grams, it is expected to give 4.7 grams of cyclohexene, but in this experiment 2.299 grams of cyclohexene is produced and the percentage recovery calculated was 48%. The Synthesis of Alkenes: The Dehydration of Cyclohexanol The pure product was then weighed. We can use phosphoric acid as a catalyst to synthesize cyclohexane from cyclohexanol via E1 reaction. The yield obtained from the original 22.25 g of cyclohexanol was 10.12 g of, cyclohexene, giving a percentage of 45.58%. The purpose of this lab is to prepare cyclohexene by dehydrating cyclohexanol. The second step is the loss of water to form the carbocation. Theory: In most cases cyclohexanol can be dehydrated from cyclohexane by performing a . b. will have a C=C stretch at about 1680-1620, with associated alkenyl C-H stretch The final step is removal of a beta hydrogen by water to form the alkene. Why is saturated sodium chloride, rather than pure water, used The yield did prove to be an alkene, however, from the bromine test. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. <>/Metadata 147 0 R/ViewerPreferences 148 0 R>> All the other three tested were affected. This still head was connected with a screw cap with a 150 thermometer whose still head was located at the mouth of the condenser. hb```,B eah``9|BabnnGk[[AN\Qz"H9CGn'= @d i$H3v 6A BSFOvaLWa>Al3433,oL"U B3 must have an alkene group somewhere in the molecule. 0000006343 00000 n Upon cooling, a small amount of anhydrous calcium chloride was added to the product flask and swirled thoroughly. cyclohexene as the sole product [equation (1)], and no rearrangement is possible in this reaction. The anti-bumping granules are added when the liquid is cold. CHem lab report 13.docx - Chem Lab Report 13 Formation of Cyclohexene In this experiment, cyclohexanol is dehydrated to cyclohexene n the presence of concentrated phosphoric acid: Distillation is employed in this experiment to synthesize and purify cyclohexene. Finally, the product is transferred to a tare sample vial. By increasing the difference in polarity of the two layers, we "salt out" the organic material from the water layer. will have sp2C-H bending. b. Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol - Studylib 0000007782 00000 n Cyclohexene. Discard the lower aqueous layer in a separating funnel. was not very affective if yield was less than 50%. methylcyclohexene is located at around 650-850 wavenumbers and consists of From a 6.0 mL of cyclohexanol, 2.29 grams of cyclo-hexene is produced. Obtain an IR of YOUR product using the salt plates. In this experiment, cyclohexanol will be dehydrated (acid catalyzed) to form cyclohexene in an elimination reaction. startxref OXIDATION OF CYCLOHEXANOL TO CYCLOHEXANONE INTRODUCTION Alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones using common oxidizing agents. The preparation of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol March 30 Office Hour - Lecture notes in pdf format. Using a fractional distillation setup to boil off the cyclohexene from. after the initial distillation. 11. The thermometer should adjust the bulb level with the side arm of the distilling flask. Notice the C-H stretching the hexanol: anything slightly to the left PDF Experiment 5 Preparation of Cyclohexene - Long Island University Objectives: To prepare cyclohexene from cyclohexanol by an elimination method and to test for unsaturation in product. from Dr. Fealy. This, water had to be separated so a separatory funnel was used to separate the two and it is, very possible that some cyclohexene was also removed along with the water. Bromine in dichloromethane and 1% potassium permanganate and 10% sulfuric acid were used. Cyclo-hexene has low boiling point and water has higher, as the temperature reaches the boiling range of cyclohexene, it distills up the column and received into the receiver. In this experiment, 1 of saturated sodium chloride is used to rinse the Hickman head as prepared I still thought I assembled the apparatus pretty well by myself with some tweaks hbbd```b``3@$?XLE"Y]`:0 I 0V 0000004410 00000 n When testing with the Br 2 the mixture. Dehydration of Cyclohexanol This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer.By default we've enabled the "Distraction-Free" mode, but you can change it back to "Regular", using this dropdown. 7. Organic Chemistry Lab Report: Synthesis of Cyclohexanone 9. For example, cyclohexene can be oxidized by hot potassium permanganate to form hexadioic acid, which is a method to synthesize carboxydioic acid. Experiment 7: Synthesis of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol Grace Jarnagin: Lab Partner- Tamara Snow. 0000003379 00000 n We will use the cyclohexanol that we purified in our previous experiment . % purity 100%. Cyclohexene is oxidized by potassium permanganate to form cis-1,2-cyclohexanediol. Remove distillate and place it in a sealed centrifuge tube. A reason that yield wasnt higher may have been that, water was in the condensing flask. Likewise, any water that is in the cyclohexene layer is drawn to the water layer as the ionic strength of the water increases. stream Add 7 mL (7) of Cyclohexanol: Record the mass and get signature 341 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3AC64CA9DCB4EF4D8E776CEFF096BA32>]/Index[321 30]/Info 320 0 R/Length 102/Prev 323258/Root 322 0 R/Size 351/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream An elimination reaction is performed. Addition reaction is that two substances react to form a single substance. 0000057413 00000 n Bromine is toxic and corrosive, especially in its state. Oxidizing cyclic alkene to a dicarboxylic acid. If the phosphoric acid. 0000071116 00000 n followed the directions well. %%EOF The diol synthesized can then be transformed to carboxylic acid, ketone or aldehyde according to the applied conditions. -1,2-dibromocyclohexane. d. 2,2-Dimethylcyclohexanol : 1-dimethylcyclohex-1-ene is the major product The unsaturation tests were both positive. The second step is the loss of water to form the carbocation. : an American History (Eric Foner), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Cyclohexane and the lab report for this course. spectrum. 350 0 obj <>stream The temperature at which either has been distilled off. What major alkene product is produced by dehydrating the following alcohols? Theoretically, in a dehydration reaction, one mole of alcohol produces one mole of alkene in a 1:1 ratio and 1 mole of water (reference 1), From that, the percentage recovery calculated for cyclohexene was 48%. - The reaction of changing the cyclohexanol to cyclohexene is EN1 or EN2 reaction mechanism. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> a. a. This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer. b. Theoretically, in a dehydration reaction, one mole of alcohol produces one mole of alkene in a 1:1 ratio and 1 mole of water (reference 1). 412 0 obj <> endobj Also the purification of the product by adding sodium chloride and anhydrous sodium sulphate is worked. Normally a nucleophile would attach to this carbocation, but in this experiment there was no nucleophile that was present. The second part of the experiment was with cyclohexene and cyclohexane. Goal: The goal of this week s lab is to synthesize cyclohexene from cyclohexanol using the method of dehydration. By using, LeChatieliers principle and a distillation apparatus, equilibrium can be forced to form, more cyclohexene. Write down observations for alcohol test demo Results: Mass of Cyclohexanol 7 Mass of Cyclohexene 3 BP of Cyclohexene 67. The reaction involved is shown in Figure 5.1. Terms in this set (23) purpose. 1. Higher the temperature of the liquid was, the longer the compounds need which results in better separation. Measuring Length and Volume Lab Investigation-1, Unit 8 Nucleophilic Substitution Lecture Notes. The carbocation then would form an alkene or return to, what it originally was, in this case it would return to being cylcohexanol. BP of Cyclohexene 67. Feb 23 Office Hour - Lecture notes in pdf format. At the end, 0.313 grams were recovered which is about 15.5% recovered from the total 2.02 grams used. 2. Although 1-methylcyclohexne could also be produced but due to Saytzeffs rule, because of higher stability, the products from 3 carbocation are favored over the products of 2 carbocation. I think I executed the steps and Lab report cyclohexene - Dehydration Cyclohexanol CHM3003 Laboratory Sadaf Afif May 07, 2018. The lab began by obtaining 6.0 mL of cyclohexanol into a 50-mL round-bottomed flask. % https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Alkenes/Synthesis_of_Alkenes/Alkenes_from_Dehy-dration_of_Alcohols. The purpose of this lab is to synthesize cyclohexanone. The layer of cyclohexene has now become cloudy with water droplets inside. 2 rubber tubes were connected to condensers water in (near the head) and the water out (near the tip). 3. decomposition of the molecule with the leaving group. Density of cyclohexanol, as shown in Table = 0.948 g/mL, Mass of cyclohexanol (g) = volume of cyclohexanol (mL) x density of cyclohexanol (g/mL). Before we heat the mixture of cyclohexanol and phosphoric (V) acid in the pear shaped flask, why do we have to add a few chips of pumice stone into the flask? A few drops of bromine in chloroform and dilute potassium permanganate (VII) solution were added respectively. Write equations for an alternative route for converting cyclohexanol to cyclohexene via bromocyclohexane. See Figure below. stream %PDF-1.3 Tertiary carbocations are more stable, therefore the formation of the product is faster. The cyclohexene can prepared from cyclohexanol by an elimination method and tested that it was unsaturated. 412 29 of that is indicative of sp2 or sp C-H stretches, which you can see in the hexene process. 4 0 obj cyclohexanol so it will distill out of the fractioning column into the receiving flask to maximize Cyclohexanol, Saturated sodium chloride solution, anhydrous sodium sulphate, Bromine in chloroform, dilute alkaline potassium permanganate (VII) solution & Acetone. 4 0 obj a. Write down observations for alcohol test demo It is reverse of addition reaction. What is the function of sodium chloride and anhydrous sodium sulphate in this experiment? 2. 3 0 obj Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. 0000003647 00000 n PDF OH PO + H O - UMass To introduce the method of purification for an organic liquid. Market-Research - A market research for Lemon Juice and Shake. Dont let the rubber too close to the heater. The cyclohexene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, the -electrons attacks a bromine atom in a bromine molecule to carry out a heterolytic cleavage that yields the cyclic bromonium ion. What is/are the significance of these reactions? stream At first part of the experiment, 6.0 mL of cyclohexanol is treated with sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid and a distillation is conducted. OHH 2SO 4 heat + H 2O(1) cyclohexanol cyclohexene The mechanism of this reaction is shown in equation 2. In this experiment, some cyclohexene lose during the extraction of the organic layer from the distillate. grams of cyclohexene is produced and the percentage recovery calculated was 48%. To prevent from the loss, we can distillate the product by keeping the temperature not higher than 83 more than 3 times, because of near boiling point between water and cyclohexene. In this experiment, cyclohexene was formed by an elimination reaction. The acid that Due to the higher steric effect, the lower favorable to proceed EN2 reaction, so it proceed SN1 reaction mechanism. of saturated sodium chloride solution was added to distillate, a dry and clean conical flask was weighed and added with 1g of anhydrous sodium sulphate, Then the upper layer of the mixture was drawn off and placed into a this conical flask, After that, this layer was filtrated by using filter paper and funnel to remove the used sodium sulphate. The, dehydration of cyclohexanol is also an equilibrium process. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize cyclohexene from cyclohexanol, this is accomplished through the elimination of the OH functionality from cyclohexanol by an acid (sulfuric or phosphoric) to yield cyclohexene and water; The intermediate step of this reaction yields a carbocation that can In this experiment from 6.0 mL of cyclohexanol, 2.29 grams of cyclohexene is produced. the more substituted alkene 0000011487 00000 n The phosphoric acid is a catalyst and as such increases When washing the organic layer with saturated aqueous sodium chloride. Firstly, the water tap was opened to let water into the condenser. The out of plane bendings in the C-H groups of the IR spectrum of 4- Clamp the apparatus at a suitable position, with the movable parts uppermost and firmly but not too tight. differences between the two as far as the double bond difference is that the hexene Your first formal report will be for this experiment. 440 0 obj<>stream April 13 Office Hour - Lecture notes in pdf format. In the test between cyclohexene and bromine in chloroform, the brown solution is decolorized. Cross), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Give Me Liberty! Each week, post your own Perfect Paragraph and comment on three Perfect Paragraphs. Conclusion in this experiment cyclohexene was formed - Course Hero An IR is run to compare and identify functional groups. For example, cyclohexene can be oxidized by hot potassium permanganate to form hexadioic acid, which is a method to synthesize carboxydioic acid. Sophomore year laboratory report for the preparation of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol. Separate the organic layer in the stoppered 25mL Erlenmeyer The depolarization of bromine in chloroform is by breaking the bromine molecule. : an American History (Eric Foner), The Preparation of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol lab report for bucks, Margaret Sanger The beginning of Birth Control, Introductory Human Physiology (PHYSO 101), Clinical - RN Concept-Based Transition to Professional Nursing Practice (RNSG 1263), Concepts Of Maternal-Child Nursing And Families (NUR 4130), Survey of Old and New Testament (BIBL 104), Anatomy and Physiology (Online) (SBIO 221B), Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology (BIO210), Curriculum Instruction and Assessment (D171), Maternity and Pediatric Nursing (NUR 204), Advanced Concepts in Applied Behavior Analysis (PSY7709), Introduction To Project Management Software (CSBU539), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083), Ch1 - Focus on Nursing Pharmacology 6e Preparation of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol. Cross), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Give Me Liberty! This method of synthesizing cyclohexene. Perform Unsaturation test: Include details for this step 5. 8. This shows that 0000002038 00000 n What structural information can be obtained from these bands? pear-shaped flask by using measuring cylinder. PDF Experiment 11: Dehydration of Cyclohexanol - Towson University Cyclohexene is relatively non-polar and it does not dissolve sodium chloride. xref Write equations to show the mechanism of dehydration of cyclohexanol by concentrated phosphoric (V) acid? This is a separation called solvent extraction or salting out. The cyclohexene IR has a strong CH stretch at about 3000cm-1 and a weak alkene receiving flask. Exactly 2.02 grams of cyclohexanol was used and having to find % yield, different combinations of methods were used to recover. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. % yield 58% 161) into a 50 mL round bottom flask (small neck) and cautiously add 85% phosphoric Dehydration of alcohol removes water (H-OH) group from alcohols to produce alkenes. The diol synthesized can then be transformed to carboxylic acid, ketone or aldehyde according to the applied conditions. Lab - Studocu Cyclohexane and the lab report for this course dehydration cyclohexanol chm3003 laboratory sadaf afif may 07, 2018. lab partner: khoe abstract: in this lab, Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew 2Two oxygen atoms of the permanganate ion bond to 2 carbon atoms, which doubly bond together, then the bonding between these oxygen atoms and the manganese atom are then broken. Introduction: The acid-catalyzed dehydration of an alcohol is an important method for the preparation of an alkene. Next, to the flask, a boiling chip, 8.0-mL of phosphoric acid and 10 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid were added. Cyclohexene. Set up a water condenser by checking that the rubber tubing is of sufficient length, fitting the rubber tubing by lubricating with a little water, running water into the condenser from the lower end, and controlling the rate of flow of water so that the tubing is not disloged, and the rate is geared to the boiling point of the distillate. After filtration, the remained dehydrating agent can be filtered out so the dry organic cyclohexene can be obtaine. Procedure: Note: Cyclohexene is a malodorous liquid. 0 The acid used in this experiment is 85% phosphoric acid and the alcohol is cyclohexanol. This is most, likely an E1 reaction, which means it has an intermediate carbocation formed. 2021-22, Kami Export - Jacob Wilson - Copy of Independent and Dependent Variables Scenarios - Google Docs, 1-3 Discussion- Population, Samples, and Bias, SCS 200 Applied Social Sciences Module 1 Short Answers, EDUC 327 The Teacher and The School Curriculum, EMT Basic Final Exam Study Guide - Google Docs, Focused Exam Alcohol Use Disorder Completed Shadow Health, Test Out Lab Sim 2.2.6 Practice Questions, Chapter 2 - Summary Give Me Liberty!
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