In Turkey, where mayors in Istanbul and Ankara affiliated with the opposition party have won praise among their constituents for their responses to the pandemic, President Recep Tayyip Erdoan has actively tried to undermine them whenever possibleannouncing weekend curfews on short notice to leave the opposition mayors flat-footed, canceling charity fundraisers that the mayors organized, and shutting down opposition-run food kitchenseven at the cost of weakening the countrys broader response to the pandemic. President Hindenburg signed a decree that suspended all basic civil rights and constitutional protections, providing the basis for arbitrary police actions. Josef Stalin ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. Amy Elizabeth Robinson is a freelance writer, editor, and historian with a Ph.D. in the History of Britain and the British Empire from Stanford University. Lithuanias foreign minister, Gabrielius Landsbergis, said the diplomats would be asked to explain if Chinas position has changed and reminded were not post-Soviet countries but countries that were illegally occupied by the Soviet Union. Asked about his position on whether Crimea was part of Ukraine or not, Lu said in a French TV interview on Friday that historically it was part of Russia and had been offered to Ukraine by the former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. While downplaying more extreme Nazi goals, they offered simple solutions to Germanys problems, exploiting peoples fears, frustrations, and hopes. -Political instability. Beginning in 1925, Mussolini tried to strengthen the party and expand its reach. (May 07), It was personality and not circumstances that brought rulers of single-party states to power. To what extent do you agree with this statement? If two examples are required these will need to be from different regions. And despite their differences, the fact that they all happened in a similar time period suggests that there was some global pattern making them all possible. - Had to go to war way quicker than was prepared to due to Hitler's orders--> many peasants were conscripted to army UNHAPPY ITALIANS Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system Dont assume western democracy will last forever, Ukraine ammunition depot reportedly hit in wave of Russian missile attacks. In Weimar Germany they thrived' - Condon The fighting in northern Italy had shaped the Fascist movement in four ways: By 1922, with these experiences behind them, Mussolini and his followers liked their chances of taking over Italy. How did conditions in Germany and Europe at the end of World War I contribute to the rise and triumph of Nazism in Germany. World history topic 10: Authoritarian states (20th century) This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. In 1931, Japanese forces invaded Manchuria, in China. Although not really fascist, these governments were heavily influenced by military and industrial leaders because both sectors wanted Japan to take over territories in Asia. So was the number of parties and splinter groups vying for votes. And Chinese leaders are working to dilute the liberal norms and erode human rights protections that are . 94 - How Communist was Castro? To what extent was authoritarian control achieved in two 20th-century states? Charismatic appeal rather than successful domestic policies enabled single-party leaders to maintain power. With reference to Mao, to what extent do you agree with this statement? The French president caused anger and alarm when he said Europe needed to avoid getting drawn into a US-China conflict over crises that are not ours, namely the status of Taiwan. In late March, as case rates and fatalities soared across Europe, President Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus dismissed a reporters concerns about the spread of the virus in his own country: There are no viruses here. The Italian, German, Japanese, and Soviet authoritarian efforts in the 1920s and 1930s had their differences. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system; Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force . An authoritarian regime focuses on the maintenance of order at the expense of personal freedom. 81-82 - What events and influences caused him to adopt an increasingly Communist position? In 1935, the Nazis passed the Nuremberg Laws. In Eritrea, President Isaias Afwerki did not speak to the country from mid-February through mid-April. Compare and contrastthe importance ofthe use of force on the emergence of twoauthstates,each from a different region, Evaluate the impact of domestic economic policies on the maintenance of power in two AS, each from a different region. Advanced, deadly weapons, including the use of gas by the Italian Army, made the fight pretty one-sided. Alternatively, some regimes also must grapple with the demands of influential societal sectors, even at the expense of delaying the governments response to the pandemic. Direct link to 121931's post How was authoritarianism , Posted 2 years ago. These questions will help you get a better understanding of the concepts and arguments that are presented in the article. Of course, some authoritarian or authoritarian-leaning governments have mounted relatively effective responses to the virus: in this respect, countries like Bahrain, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam come to mind. Create a potted biography of an authoritarian state identified in the article. 81 - What was Castro's early ideology based around? They had to be conquered or excluded from the Italian nation. Analyse themethods used to maintain power in two single-party states, each chosen from a different region. The NSDAP, after becoming reallowed as a political party in 1925, changed their focus and used the democratic system of the Weimar Republic to gain power. Keep in mind that when you read the article, it is a good idea to write down any vocab you see in the article that is unfamiliar to you. (Nov 2006), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power ofoneruler of a single-party state. TEXT ON SCREEN: Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda. Washington, DC 20024-2126 (May 08 TZ2), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power of one ruler of a single-party state. Using the terms fascism and Nazism interchangeably is incorrect because they are not synonyms. New social problems emerged from the impact of rapid industrialization and the growth of cities. 2. They believed Japan had a superior culture, and could rule other Asians better than the European empires had. Adolf Hitler. Although many Japanese civilians were not supportive of these military efforts, it became dangerous to question the government or the military. They were confident they could control Hitler. Paper 2 Section Description Authoritarian States Course Companion Book This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. economic factors'. -PACT OF STEELE formal military alliance committing Italy to fight on Germany's side in the event of war Unsurprisingly, the economic conditions in a nation have long played an integral role in the emergence of authoritarian states, with such an idea perfectly illustrated through the establishment of Benito Mussolini's fascist authoritarian state . 97. Germanys territory was reduced by 13%. Among his achievements was the creation of organizations designed to make children grow up to be good Fascists. Compare and contrast the impact of the policies of two authoritarian states on women. Chinese trend for using photo of film star to get better service sweeps social media, More than 20,000 Russian soldiers killed in five months in Ukraine, US says, Chinese journalist arrested on charges of espionage, 'Democracy was hijacked. 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW Compare and contrast the importance of propaganda to the emergence of two authoritarian states. The idea was that non- Italians could become Italian if they assimilated to Italian culture and pledged loyalty to the nation. But we can also see similarities in the ways that they emerged. His research focuses on modern Europe with an emphasis on Germany and Britain from 1789 to 1918. Many veterans and other citizens struggled to understand Germanys defeat and the uncertain future. The new governments first targets were political opponents. One-party rule seemed beyond their grasp. David Eacker is a Ph.D. student in History at Indiana UniversityBloomington. NARRATOR: Germanys fledgling democracy was profoundly tested by the crumbling of old values and fears of what might come next. demonstrates how local conditions are often unsuited to the ideal type of civil society as delineated in Western values, for instance in cases where numerous political, . The devastating economic effects of lockdown measures have pressured all governments to find a workable balance between public health concerns and citizens economic needs. What were his aims economically and socially? In January 1933, when the old war hero, President Paul von Hindenburg, invited Hitler to serve as Chancellor in a coalition government, the Nazis could hardly believe their luck. She has taught at Sonoma State University and Stanford. Vietnams leaders, for example, responded to the countrys first confirmed infections as early as January, imposing travel restrictions and quarantines with a speed that made it a textbook case of an effective response to the public health emergency. Angry, aggrieved citizens are not a solid foundation for regime durability. We can see how Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and others began to attack journalists, control the flow of information, and stir up nationalism by persecuting ethnic minorities or invading desirable lands. Battle for Grain: Success (grow more cereal to cut back on foreign imports) Battle for Lira: Fail (tried to revalue Lira but artificially raised value which resulted in declining exports), -Breeders Lu Shaye, Chinas ambassador to France, said independent states that emerged from the collapse of the Soviet Union lacked actual status in international law. (May 2009), Compare and contrast the domestic policies of Hitler and Stalin up to the outbreak of the Second World War. Yet many authoritarians instead misuse subnational governance as a flak jacketa shield for deflecting responsibility and criticism more than for solving governance challenges. Four key weaknesses are manifest. Since the end of the Cold War, the proportion of authoritarian states in the world has been on the decline. What followed soon after were two devastating wars. The early deterioration of the post-colonial African state into personalized and authoritarian rule in this manner mirrored the concerns that anchor refugee law in the first place as a special regime for persons who have well-grounded fear of persecution by reason of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or . Such movements were a common feature of interwar fascism. The modern Italian soldier on the stamp is dressed like a Roman legionnaire. Keep in mind that when you read the article, it is a good idea to write down any vocab you see in the article that is unfamiliar to you. Inflation was threatening the living standards of all Cubans, rising to 40% a year for foodstuffs whilst pay levels stagnated. Fascism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of the nation-state, while Nazism is a specific form of fascism that is based on the belief in racial superiority. Within Italy, Mussolini promoted the ideas of. The Fascist party wanted to crush the existing 'liberal' rulers, but Mussolini allowed many officials to continue working for the state. New social problems emerged from the impact of rapid industrialization and the growth of cities. He served only a short jail sentence, and after the ban was lifted on his National Socialist Party, Hitler and his followers rejoined the battle in the streets and in the countryside. Why do you think Mussolini was less successful than Hitler in this respect? Unit Objectives: Authoritarian and Single Party States. Power is concentrated in the hands of a single leader or a . Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of . . -Anti-semitism appeared a bit potentially to impress and imitate ally Hitler-- POPE DID NOT LIKE, Institute of Industrial Reconstruction (IRI): One month later, when arson gutted the German parliament building, Hitler and his nationalist coalition partners seized their chance. Currently, a CBI letter dated 11 April 2023 in possession of The Sunday Guardian, shows that the Bureau has called for the production of several documents from various entities on 17 April 2023 with regard to the scheme for the period between 2016 to 2019. the authoritarian state with such a memorable moniker. A totalitarian regime has a highly centralized system of government that requires strict obedience. They work together. These crackdowns impede effective public health responses, given that civil society can be a crucial partner to governmentsespecially for authoritarians with weak state capacity, such as those in many countries in Africa, former Soviet states, and the Middle Eastin terms of collecting and distributing accurate and timely health-related information and delivering resources and care. The post illustrates what we call organic online politics, or forms of digital mobilization that grow from specific rural conditions, material concerns, and repertoires of resistance.In advancing this concept, we argue that online politics are shaped not only by authoritarian repression and national political trajectories, but also by rural communities and their histories. In 1949-58, 75% of all imports came from the USA; 65% of all exports went to the USA. The Nazi Party recruited, organized, and produced a newspaper to spread its message. Landsbergis tweeted: If anyone is still wondering why the Baltic states dont trust China to broker peace in Ukraine, heres a Chinese ambassador arguing that Crimea is Russian and our countries borders have no legal basis.. 94-5 - What economic problems did Cuba face? Crises states are induced by: War, including the aftermath of war. Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states (15) Economic factors play a major role in any nation and as authoritarian states rise and fall throughout Discuss with refto two authoritarian states. ROMAN CATHOLICISM= official state religion of Italy, Authoritarian control was never completely achieved bc M had to SHARE power with TRADITIONAL italian groups such as the monarchy and the catholic church. Analyse the conditions that enabledoneleft-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. Italian fascism emerged in the economic crisis of the 1920s and 1930s. -Frequent changes of chancellor. They believed victory on the battlefield abroad would bring back the glory of ancient Rome and show the world Italy was a real player in the "game of empire." Antisemitism (discrimination against Jews) defined Nazism in Germany, but that was not exactly the case with Italian Fascism, at least before 1938. Totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism are all forms of government characterized by a strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. Topic 10 Authoritarian states (20th century) 19. There are still "meaningful democratic institutions" (Levitsky and Way 2010a, 20) within these erstwhile authoritarian regimes.8 What Historical examples of such centralized totalitarian rule include the Mauryan dynasty of India (c. 321-c. 185 bce ), the Qin dynasty of China (221 . (May 2008, TZ2), Evaluate the successes and failures of one ruler of a single-party state. (Nov 2006. Even Russian President Vladimir Putin, the prototypical authoritarian strongman, displayed striking avoidance behavioror perhaps apathyby moving to his countryside residence outside Moscow after the virus arrived in Russia, leaving his subordinates to convey negative news to the public. Photo of Mussolini and Hitler standing next to each other, each dressed in their military uniforms. Unpopular or tyrannical governments. Sexual norms were in flux. Causes and effects of war: Chinese Civil War, H/L The People's Republic of China 1949-2005, http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-03-09/guest-post-message-voting-cattle?page=1, http://paxonbothhouses.blogspot.jp/2014/10/hitler-i-am-acting-as-agent-of-our.html, Cambridge paper - re.opposition to Nazism, http://www.casahistoria.net/ibrevision.htm, In 1943, hundreds of German women saved their Jewish husbands from deathcamps, Propaganda in Authoritarian States - Trump's laughter and clapping instigators, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpHRvuVvrDU, https://medium.com/@laurennreiff/how-do-you-think-nazism-happened-4662332b6c4b, www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1Zxy3Z2i34&has_verified=1, https://www.ted.com/talks/sviatlana_tsikhanouskaya_how_to_be_fearless_in_the_face_of_authoritarianism?utm_source=newsletter_daily&utm_campaign=daily&utm_medium=email&utm_content=button__2020-11-12#t-24, "Final Account" taken from The Guardian 12/03/2021.
University Of Alabama Sponsors, Articles C